History in Dispute. Volume 10: The Crusades: Crusades, 1095 to 1291КНИГИ » ИСТОРИЯ
Автор: Mark T. Abate Название: History in Dispute. Volume 10: The Crusades: Crusades, 1095 to 1291 Издательство: St James Press Год: 2002 ISBN: 1558624546 Серия: History in Dispute (Book 10) Язык: English Формат: pdf Размер: 54,3 mb Страниц: 408
On 27 November 1095 Pope Urban II concluded a Church council at Clermont with an appeal addressed to the French warrior class. Urban proposed a new form of holy war, one initiated by Christ and pronounced by the papacy, which combined the penitential act of pilgrimage to Jerusalem with the sharply honed martial skills of the European aristocracy. The knights were to become pilgrims who would fight their way toward and liberate the site of their devotion: the holy city of Jerusalem, which had been under Islamic control for the past five centuries. Because of the rigors and dangers associated with this armed pilgrimage, God would view it as a satisfactory penance for past sins. The result was the First Crusade (1096-1102) and the beginning of a movement that thundered across three continents for more than seven centuries.
This volume suggests to debate the topics as: "The Americas: Was the conquest of the Americas an extension of the medieval Crusades?"; "Attacks on Jews: What was the main cause of attacks on Jews during the Crusades?"; "Defining Moment: Does the modern-era conflict between the West and the Islamic Near East have its roots in the Crusades?" and so on.
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History in Dispute. Volume 10: The Crusades: Crusades, 1095 to 1291 
